The global hybrid train market share is projected to grow from 412 units in 2023 to 446 units by 2030, registering a CAGR of 1.1%. Due to increasing concerns over environmental sustainability, the demand for hybrid trains has surged to the forefront of the transportation industry. These innovative locomotives represent a pivotal step towards addressing the evolving needs of modern rail transport, where efficiency, reduced emissions, and versatility are paramount. As we embark on a journey towards a greener future, the hybrid train market has witnessed remarkable advancements. These include regenerative braking systems that harness and store energy, autonomous train technology that promises enhanced safety and efficiency, the integration of fuel cells for heavy load transportation, and the development of tri-mode hybrid trains capable of seamlessly transitioning between multiple power sources. Together, these technological breakthroughs are shaping the landscape of rail travel, offering a compelling vision of cleaner, smarter, and more sustainable transportation systems for generations to come.
The number of hybrid trains with service power between 2000 to 4000 kW is significantly higher. As of 2023, between 2000 to 4000 kW segment is estimated to be the largest segment in the hybrid train market. Trains in this power range offer a good balance between power output and efficiency. They can operate efficiently on both electrified and non-electrified rail lines. This versatility is crucial in regions with a mix of electrified and non-electrified tracks. Many hybrid trains in this power range are designed for use in urban and suburban transit systems. Trains in this power range can achieve higher speeds compared to lower-powered urban or commuter trains. This makes them suitable for routes that require faster transit times and intercity connections. Further, Trains in this power range offer a balance between power output and efficiency, making them versatile for various rail applications. They can handle both electrified and non-electrified tracks, making them suitable for routes with varying terrain and distance. Hybrid trains in this power range are often used for interregional and intercity travel, where longer distances and varying track conditions are common. They can efficiently cover these distances while still benefiting from electric power on electrified sections. In regions with a mix of electrified and non-electrified rail networks, trains in this power range can seamlessly transition between electric and diesel power sources, maximizing efficiency and reducing energy costs.
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Electro diesel trains were the first segment of trains introduced in the hybrid train market. They offer the optimum performance of conventional diesel as well as get power from the overhead wires or battery whenever necessary. As of 2023, CRRC, Stadler Rail, Siemens, and Hyundai Rotem Company offer electro diesel trains. Apart from electro-diesel, all the other hybrid propulsion technologies are comparatively new.
Thus, the demand for electro-diesel trains is still high. However, many companies have introduced new hybrid train technologies. Electro-diesel hybrid trains combine the advantages of electric and diesel propulsion, allowing them to operate efficiently in both electrified and non-electrified rail networks. This flexibility can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution compared to traditional diesel-only trains, as they can run on electric power when overhead electrification is available and switch to diesel mode in non-electrified areas. In April 2022, Stadler secured a contract from Becon Rail to deliver 30 Class 99 bi-mode Co’Co locomotives for operation in the UK. The six-axle Class 99 bi-mode locomotives will be operated by GB Railfreight. Designed as per British gauge and specifications, the new locomotives will combine 25kV AC electric and diesel operating modes as well as operate on the existing 25kV overhead line. Such development will drive the market growth in the forecast period.
Freight transport accounts for the fastest hybrid train market due to the increase in freight transportation by rail, especially in Europe. Further, CRRC (China) announced HXN6 hybrid locomotives in June 2022, which may reduce fuel consumption by 30% to 50%, exhaust emissions by 40% to 80%, and diesel engine noise impact time by more than 80%. The HXN6 hybrid locomotive offers excellent traction performance. A single locomotive can transport more than 10,000 tons of goods under shunting operation conditions. Freight trains have varied load carrying capacities, engine specifications, and operational requirements. As a significant means of transportation, freight is a foundational element of any economy. Advances in battery technology, energy storage systems, and hybrid propulsion systems have made hybrid trains more reliable and cost-effective, contributing to their growing popularity in freight applications. With over 2.6 trillion tonne kilometers annually, the US dominates the world’s freight train sector. China comes in second with 2.5 trillion tonne kilometers annually.
Asia Oceania is anticipated to be the second-largest market. The hybrid train market has witnessed rapid year-on-year growth in the Asia Oceania region. It comprises some of the fastest developing economies in the world, such as China and India. China and Japan have plans to expand their hybrid train networks in the coming years. China’s growing economy is driving the expansion of railways and increasing transport capacity. In FY 2022, China added 4,100 kilometers of new railway lines, 2,082 kilometers of which were high-speed lines. Railway fixed asset investment totaled 710.9 billion yuan (USD 111.8 billion). Under its 14th five-year plan term (2021-25), China also intends to invest USD 155 billion in improving the railway network in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. In China, India, and South Korea, passenger trains are the most frequent means of transportation. As part of its new blueprint, China said in January 2022 that it will extend its length to 50,000 km by 2025. Trains traveling at speeds of more than 250 km/h will be able to use these rails. China’s CRRC Corporation Ltd. launched a hydrogen urban train in January 2023, making it the first in Asia and the second in the world. This will drive the growth of hybrid trains in the country. The Chinese and Indian railway industries are the prime reasons the region is leading the global hybrid train market. These countries have a large and dense railway network and promote eco-friendly trains. In January 2023, China unveiled a new hydrogen/supercapacitor train capable of reaching speeds of 100 mph (160 km/h), making it the fastest hydrogen-powered train to date. The train jointly developed by state-owned industrial giant CRRC (the world’s largest rail vehicle manufacturer) and Chengdu Rail Transit is China’s first hydrogen-powered train passenger train. It offers a range of 373 miles (600 kilometers) and emits nothing but water, making it a zero-emissions train. This is expected to increase the demand for hybrid trains in the coming years.
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