The H2-ICE market is projected to grow to 36,300-36,400 units by 2035, at a CAGR of 49.0% from 2031 to 2035. The factors driving the demand for the H2-ICE market are the growing push towards sustainable & emission-free transportation and OEM’s focus on R&D investments. Hydrogen engines can use the existing refueling infrastructure with a few modifications. Also, the infrastructure developed for FCEVs can be utilized by H2-ICE vehicles. H2-ICE vehicles use cryogenic tanks for hydrogen engines, which are in the development stages from the component providers. Additionally, H2-ICE technology is based on existing internal combustion engines; hence, the upfront cost of H2-ICE technology is lower than that of other propulsion types like BEV and fuel cells. During the vehicle’s lifecycle, H2-ICE emits less NOx and other pollutants, which will drive the adoption of H2-ICE.
“The PFI-SI segment is expected to showcase a promising market potential of all combustion approaches.”
The port fuel injection-spark ignition (PFI-SI) is likely to dominate the H2ICE market through the combustion approach. The PFI-SI approach is primarily focused & tested in the heavy trucks segment due to its precise control over the hydrogen-air mixture, leading to enhanced combustion efficiency. Furthermore, the injector pressure is relatively low, about 3-10 bars, simplifying integration into the existing IC engine architecture with minimum modifications. The OEMs and engine manufacturers could generate ~300 hp with this combustion approach that fulfills the requirements for long-haul applications. With limited modification in existing engine components like injectors, turbochargers, pistons, etc., it can offer satisfactory power demand, which can be commercially viable for this application.
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“Below 300 HP engines are expected to be the fastest growing H2-ICE power output.”
Below 300 HP is estimated to be the fastest growing horsepower segment in the H2ICE market, which will have maximum adoption in on-highway and some of the compact construction equipment categories. Most companies to date are able to successfully generate 300 HP primarily due to its suitability for medium & heavy-duty trucks. <300 HP engines mostly use PFI SI technology, resulting in lesser emissions, which was the main motive of hydrogen engines. This HP range effectively balances performance and efficiency and meets the requirements of fleet operators, prioritizing cost-effectiveness and operational flexibility. OEMs and engine manufacturers working on the development of engines below 300 Hp are Cummins Inc. (290 Hp), Deutz AG (295 Hp), PACCAR Inc. (295 Hp), and KEYOU GmbH (280 Hp). These engines are expected to have better fuel efficiencies & lower emissions, allowing OEM and engine manufacturers to capitalize on current designs with minimal modifications. This will significantly reduce development costs and will likely accelerate the time-to-market for the H2-ICE engine to 300 HP.
“Europe holds the largest market share during the forecast period.”
Europe is estimated to have the largest market share in the H2ICE market during the forecast period. Europe’s market dominance is mainly attributed to stringent greenhouse gas emission regulations. The European Union has set various targets to decarbonize their commercial vehicles. The European region has a presence in major automotive OEMs and engine manufacturers working on the H2-ICE technology, such as AB Volvo (Sweden), MAN (Germany), JCB (UK), KEYOU GmbH (Germany), and Liebherr (Switzerland). AB Volvo started the development of H2-ICE in 2024. The engine is expected to enter road tests by 2026, and the commercial launch is expected by 2030. MAN is developing hydrogen engines for commercial vehicles; the company plans to deliver the first 200 hydrogen engines to its European customers by 2025. JCB has begun the on-road tests of its hydrogen engine in the UK and plans to commercialize it soon. KEYOU GmbH has already supplied trucks with hydrogen engines to European fleet operators. Thus, the presence of key OEMs and the European Union’s stringent emission rules will drive the market for H2-ICE in Europe.
Key Market Players:
The major players in the H2-ICE market are Cummins Inc. (US), J C Bamford Excavators (UK), Ashok Leyland (India), MAN (Germany), and HD Hyundai Infracore (South Korea).
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